E.601 Electrical Power Utilization

1.   Electric Drives:

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     Factors effecting selection of motors - running starting, speed         control,breaking-mechanical features enclosures, bearing noise-load

     Equalization - temp. rise, size of motor applications.

2.   Electrical Traction :

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     Types-various traction system-track electrification-traction motors

     - locomotives - tramways and trolleys  -  types  of   speed   time

     characteristics - mechanism of train movement - tractive  effect  -

     specific energy consumption-control of a.c.and d.c. motors starting

     - series parallel control-regenerative breaking– methoding control.

3.   Electric Heating and Welding :

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     Types of heating-requirements- resistance heating-induction heating

     - Arc furnaces - dielectric heating - type of welding – resistance     and arc Welding.

4.   Electrolytic Process:

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     Principles - applications - types refining of metals, electrode         position chemical and power supply.

5.   Illumination :

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     Nature  of  light  - production of light - difference types  of         lamps  - lighting calculations - reflectors - factory lighting,         street lighting  - flood lighting.

6.   Economic Aaspects :

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     load  factors, maximum demand, diversity, utilization factor-load

     curves- base load and peak load - fixed and running cost -              depreciation - tariffs  -  types  and  problems - causes of lows   pf  -  methods  of  pf improvement - economics of pf improvement - choice of equipments.

      Reference of books :

     1.   Utilization of electric energy - By E.D. Taylor

                                           Orient Lang man

   2.   Electric power -                 By - Soni,Gupta and                                                Bhattnager

E.602 Electrical Machines – II

1.    Transformers :

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     Polyphone transformers - Polarity - star/star,star/delta. delta/                delta,delta/zigzag,terminal marking,nomenclatures, vector diagram,     phase groups,parallel operation,Scott connection,tertiary winding,     auto transformers-testing of transformers-efficiency-transients in     transformers–voltage Regulation-off load and on load top changers.

2. Induction Motors :

       --------------------------                                                                      Principle of operation - basic equations  - vector diagram - exact      equivalent circuit - torque/slip characteristics – performance      calculations - circle diagram - high torque motors - speed control     and starting of 3-ph. Induction motors - testing of I.M.as per      IS-325 submersible motors-linear induction motor and stepper motors.

3. A.C. Commutator motors :

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Types of winding emf by transformer and rotation action-action  of     Commutator as frequency converter. Effect of emf injection –       sources pf emf injection - T/S relation  with injected emf  equi.      circuit and vector diagram.Regulating shunt and series commutator     machines, Scharge Commutator motor, its characteristics and             performance.

4. Single Phase Commutator Motor :

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Types - torque and mech. power equ. - vector diagram and compensated series  motors - operation on a.c. and d.c.

5. Repulsion Motors : General principle  - brush position vector      diagram - starting and  speed control.

6. Single Phase Induction Motor:

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     Double field theory equivalent circuit experimental determination

     of motor parameters - methods of starting.

     Term  work  will be based on syllabus. Will be engaged for              practical aspects.

    Reference books:  1.  A.C. M/CS           by - M.G. Say

                        2.  Elects Comm. motors      by - Wiaylor

                        3.  Elect. Technology Vol. II by B.L. Theraja

                        4.  A.C.Machines        by - Oarik

E – 603 MICROPROCESSOR FUNDAMENTALS

1.       INTRODUCTION TO DIGITAL COMPUTERS: Block diagram of digital    computer, Classification of computer languages, High level and low level languages.

2.  MICROPROCESSOR ARCHIETECTURE AND MICROCOMPUTER SYSTEM:  Microprocessor architecture and its operation, Memory, input, output, interfacing devices.

3.  ARCHITECTURE:  Instruction set and timing diagrams of 8085 microprocessor, 8085   architecture, Instruction classification of 8085, Instruction timing and operation status.

4.  ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE PROGRAMMING OF 8085: Programming techniques,   Concepts    and timing delays, Stack and subroutines, Code conversions.

5.         PARALLEL INPUT/OUTPUT AND INTERFACING: Basic interface concepts,    Interfacing     input and output devices like keyboards and display; Memory mapped I/O,  Interfacing memory.

6.         INTERRUPTS:  8085 interrupts, Restart as software instructions, Study of programmable interrupt controllers 8259A.

7.         PROGRAMMABLE PERIPHERAL INTERFACE:  8255 Programmable peripheral  interface, Interface of A/D converter with microprocessors, 8253 programmable interrupt timer,  8279   keyboard anddisplaycontrollers.                                                                                                    

8.         HARDWARE:  Hardware system design using memory and peripheral controllers, Software        requirements, Monitor design concepts, typical applications, Concept of single chip           microprocessor. Study of 8031/8051, 8096, 7810 micro controllers. Micro controller application    hardware’s.

BOOKS  :

1.          Microprocessor architecture programming and application.  By R.S.Gaonkar, Wiley Eastern

2.           Microprocessor principles and applications   By Ajit Pal, TMH  Publications.

3.         Fundamentals of Microprocessors & microcomputers             By Dr. Badri Ram, Dhanpatrai &      Sons.

4.        Introduction to Microprocessors     By  A.P. Mathur, TMH     Publications.

E.604 Engineering Electromagnetic

Vector Analysis  :   Vector algebra-Cartesian c-ordinate system,                         vector Components-unit vectors. Dot & cross  Product, circular,Cylindrical & spherical Co   -ordinate system-transformation of systems.

Coulomb's law     :    Coulomb's law-electric field intensity field        of n-point charges-field due to line charge, continuous volume charge and sheet charge.

Gauss's law and  :    Electric flux density - Gauss law-application

Divergence   Divergence - Maxwell's first equation. Vector                      operator and Divergence theorem.

Energy & Potential:     Energy in moving a point charge in    electric     field-Potential & potential difference -  potential gradient- the Dipole.

Conductors,Dielectrics: Current & current density -continuity of  &  capacitance       current - conductors and semiconductors-   dielectric - capacitance.

Poisson's & Lap :    Poisson's & Lap lace’s equations.lace’s Equations

Magnetic Field     :  Biot savert's law-Ampere's law-curl-strokes      theorem-magnetic flux and flux density   -magnetic potential - derivation of magnetic  field's laws.

Magnetic forces, :   Force on moving charge and Differential           Materials & current element-Nature of magnetic materials-  Inductance  Permeability-boundary condition-magnetic                           circuit and Inductance.

Faraday's Laws   :  Faraday's  laws,  Maxwell's equations in     point  form  and Integral form.

Uniform plane wave:     Wave motion in free space and dielectrics -      The pointing sector - Propagation in     conductors - skin effect -Reflection of    uniform plan waves.Transmission lines of   audio, radio and UHF frequencies.

Text books :

              (1) Engineering Electromagnetic -   By William Hayt Jr.

             (2) Elements of Engineering -      By N.Narayan                        Electromagnetic        Rao 

E-605   Switch gear and protection

Switchgear :

(1)    Theory of Circuit  Interruption :   Physics of arc phenomena properties of arc Arc  interruption theories.                                                                

(2)  Circuit Constants in Relation to Circuit Breaking:  Circuit  breaker  rating  -   circuit  constants  and  circuit  conditions   Restriking  voltage – transient    characteristics of restriking voltage  -   Expression for  R.R.R.V.  - Factors affecting  the  restriking  voltage   Characteristics,   current  chopping  interruption  of  small  inductive   currents capacitor switching.

(3)     Theory and Practice of Conventional Circuit Breakers :   Automatic switching -  Air break circuit breaker, oil circuit breakers,  Single and multi-break construction -  performance of circuit breakers  -  Minimum oil circuit breakers air - blast circuit  breakers.  Interruption  Methods  - voltage distribution in oil circuit breakers with arc control  Devices - modification of circuit breaker duty by  shunt  resistors  -  Comparative merits of different type of conventional circuit breakers - Auto reclosures   and fuses. 

(4)     Recent Development in Circuit Breakers :   Modern trends  - vacuum circuit  breaker, SF6 circuit breaker and D.C.  Circuit breakers. 

(5)       Testing of Circuit  Breakers :    High voltage testing - short circuit testing of C.B. – direct   testing and   Indirect testing of circuit breakers.

Protection:

(1)     Introduction :  Requirements   of  protective  systems,  primary  backup  and  auxiliary    protection  essential requirements of protective systems  basic terminology. Method of     discrimination.

(2)     Operating principles and constructional features of electromagnetic relays:    Classification of relays, principle, types of electromagnetic relays  -  Theory of induction    relay torque - various types of induction relays. 

(3)       Relay application and characteristics :   General equations of equation for                          electromagnetic relays,  over  current  Relays,   instantaneous  over  current  relays,                       plug  setting  and   time  Multiplier setting in  induction  disc  relays  -  directional                              relays,  Differential relays distance relays etc. applications.

(4)       Apparatus protection scheme :  Generator protection,  transformer protection.                     Feeder protection  bus   -      zone protection carrier protection. 

(5)       Testing and maintenance of protective gear : Classification  of  relay testing                   general methods of  testing  protective   gear current transformer test – potential       transformer tests. 

(6)       General  principle  of static relays  and their applications  and  future prospectus 

            Laboratory work shall be based on the above theory

Note : The students should be taken to power stations and substations to  show actual equipments used in field and their operation and performance. 

Reference books :

     (1)  Power system protection and switchgear - B.Ravichranath

                                                                          - M.Chander

     (2)  Switchgear and protection                        - S.S. Rao

     (3)  Art and scrence of protective relaying       - Masson